Description

Airspace infringement occurs when an aircraft penetrates an area into which special clearance is required without having such clearance.

A major cause of airspace infringement is breakdown of communications with Air Traffic control.

This may result from:

• lack of knowledge or understanding of procedures for obtaining clearance to enter or cross controlled airspace; or,
• failure to follow correct procedures for crossing or entering controlled airspace.

Effects

The aircraft enters controlled airspace without obtaining clearance, leading to: