Description

A Factory acceptance test (FAT) is a systematic and thorough evaluation process that occurs at a supplier’s facility and performed by the supplier's employees, before a product is delivered to the customer. The primary objective of FAT is to ensure that the product, normally including hardware and software, meets the desired functionality, technical specifications, and design requirements outlined by the customer.

Factory acceptance testing plays a vital role in identifying and addressing potential issues before the equipment is installed on-site. This process minimises costly downtime, improves the supplier's accountability, and ensures high-quality and reliable products. Adequate factory testing helps customers fully assess performance and validate whether the product meets their requirements.

Factory Acceptance Test Procedure

The FAT procedure may involve the following steps: 

• Reviewing as built technical drawings 
• Developing a detailed test plan 
• Conducting tests based on the test plan 
• Analysing test results 
• Ensuring product compliance with relevant and appropriate standards (e.g. ISO9001 - QMS)

What Happens During FAT?

During the FAT, product performance is assessed by performing a series of tests, including process schemes and simulations. These tests help evaluate if the product meets the customer's requirements and if any modifications are necessary. The FAT also involves the creation of a factory acceptance test checklist, which is a comprehensive list of items to be inspected and verified during the testing process. 

The factory acceptance test checklist typically includes: 

• Visual inspection
• Functional testing
• Performance testing
• Safety and compliance checks
• Documentation review

A detailed test plan is a document that outlines the testing procedures and acceptance criteria for each test conducted during the FAT. It serves as a guide for the testing team, ensuring that each test is performed systematically and consistently. The test plan typically includes: 

• Test objectives 
• Test scope 
• Test methods and procedures 
• Acceptance criteria 
• Test equipment and tools 
• Test schedules and timelines 

Comparing Factory and Site Acceptance Tests 

While Factory Acceptance Tests are conducted at the supplier’s facility, Site Acceptance Tests (SAT) are performed at the customer's location after the product has been installed. SAT helps ensure that the equipment operates correctly within its intended environment and integrates seamlessly with existing systems.

The Benefits of Adequate Factory Testing 

Adequate factory testing provides numerous benefits, including: 

• Minimising costly downtime due to product malfunction 
• Ensuring product compliance with industry standards 
• Reducing the risk of compromised test validity 
• Building trust and confidence between clients and equipment suppliers 
• Guaranteeing the equipment’s desired functionality and performance