In some parts of the world, the regulating authority may designate a Mandatory Frequency (MF) for use at selected uncontrolled aerodromes or at aerodromes that are uncontrolled during specific hours. An MF area will be established at an aerodrome if the traffic volume and mix of aircraft traffic at that aerodrome is such that there would be a safety benefit derived from implementing MF procedures. When a MF has been established, the specific frequency as well as the distance and altitude within which MF procedures apply will be published. Aircraft operating within the area in which the MF is applicable (MF area), on the ground or in the air, must be equipped with a functioning radio capable of maintaining two-way communication unless a Flight Service Station (FSS), Community Aerodrome Radio Station (CARS) or other similar agency is in operation and specific prior arrangements have been made.