Operational Air Traffic (OAT) have to perform activities that are fundamentally different than those done by General Air Traffic (GAT) and are not covered by ICAOSARPs. OAT missions include air-to-air refuelling, air combat maneuvring, etc. and the aircraft involved often have supersonic capabilities.
There are two ways to ensure that (a) civil air traffic is safe and (b) operational traffic can effectively perform and train for their specific activities: