The introduction of future ATM systems within the next ten to fifteen years will impact on air traffic control training. Using advanced computer-assisted tools will challenge the cognitive skills of the air traffic controllers. Teamwork will take on a new significance. This document outlines current air traffic control training and takes note of how the role of the controllers will change in future ATM systems. Traditional and more recent theories of learning and motivation - HOW and WHY people learn - are examined. In the context of the demands of future ATM systems current air traffic control teaching practices may lead to a shift away from teacher-directed training and toward learner-oriented training.